WOOD PRODUCTS DEVELOPMENT

Working with Wood Eight County Wood Products Development Strategy for the Adirondack North Country Region - August, 1997

A strategic plan for enhancing wood-based manufacturing activity in Fulton, Hamilton, Herkimer, Oneida, Oswego, Saratoga, Warren and Washington Counties

Sponsored by: Adirondack North Country Association.
For a printed copy of the full report, contact ANCA at 518-891-6200

Funding made available through: New York State Empire State Development Corporation

Technical Assistance by: NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, Forest Products Utilization & Marketing Section

Prepared by: Holmes & Associates, Saranac Lake,

New York Research and Analysis by: Timothy P. Holmes, Holmes & Associates, Saranac Lake Chris Gearwar,Christian and Judy Gearwar,Christian; Lake George Forestry Canadian-US Consulting Service at Clarkson University Sarah K. Bogdanovitch, Paul Smiths College Perry Hagenstein, Resources.Issues, Inc.

Acknowledgments

First and foremost, we wish to extend our thanks to the 129 wood products business owners and managers who were willing to share their knowledge, insights and concerns. Without their cooperation and patience we would not have been able to accurately assess the status of the industry and develop recommendations based on the interests, capabilities and capacities of the region's existing businesses. Holmes & Associates would also like to extend a note of appreciation to the directors of many the region's agencies and organizations involved in wood products development. They provided us with the necessary background on past and current development activities so that this effort could build on the valuable resources that exist in the region. We are especially grateful for the assistance of staff at the Adirondack North Country Association (ANCA). Terry Martino, ANCA's executive director, reviewed numerous early drafts of the report and provided project management assistance as well as other support. Carl Golas, wood products specialist at ANCA, carried out a number of the questionnaire surveys for the study team and provide significant insight and information on the industry. Judy Tonks, executive secretary, provided logistical assistance on a number of occasions. A special thank you also to Robert Boice and Robert Quinn, ANCA's president and vice-president respectively.

The study has benefited greatly from the insights and advice of the project oversight committee. The committee members were Robert Boice, Richard Cipperly, Stephen Erman, Carl Golas, David Mance, Thomas Martin, Terry Martino, Jim Munroe, Henry Parnass, Robert Quinn, and Richard Weigel. Jim Munroe, chair of ANCA's Natural Resources Committee, guided the productive project meetings.

Holmes & Associates would like to extend a note of appreciation to a number of individuals at the New York State Department of Conservation who provide information, reports and other support throughout the duration of the project, most notably Tom Martin, Tad Norton, Dick Cipperly, and Kurt Swartz. Individuals at a few of the key wood products organizations also supported the project in a number of ways, including Peter Spadora of the Black River/St. Lawrence.RC&D, Douglas Ververs at Cornell Cooperative Extension of Oswego County, and Kevin King at the Empire State Forest Products Association. Anthony Haden and Alan Beideck at the NYS Department of Labor, Saranac Lake Office provided wood products employment information and assisted in developing two of the maps in the report. At Holmes & Associates, Stephen Harris and Nadia Korths assisted Tim Holmes in research and reporting. We would like to recognize Judy Gearwar for her determination and persistence in completing a majority of the business questionnaires for the project. A note of thanks also goes to Fred Menz at the Canadian-U.S. Business Consulting Service in Potsdam for his direction of the graduate students who assisted on the project, as well as to the students themselves: Shelley Morris, Elizabeth Stoll and Lisa Taylor.

Finally, acknowledgement goes to two individuals who currently are successful manufacturers of quality wood products within the region and who are key proponents for regional wood products research and strategic planning. We are grateful for the on-going support and assistance of Terry Harden at Harden Furniture Company and Eugene Falvo at Falvo Manufacturing Company.

Acronyms

ANCA

Adirondack North Country Association

ESFPA

Empire State Forest Products Association

ESD

Empire State Development (formerly NYS Department of Economic Development)

FRDC

Forest Resources Development Council

ISO

International Standards Organization

mbf

Thousand board feet

mmbf

Million board feet

NGO

Non-Governmental Organization

NYSDEC

New York State Department of Environmental Conservation

NYSDED

New York State Department of Economic Development (now Empire State Development)

NYSDOL

New York State Department of Labor

NYSDOT

FACE="ARIAL"

New York State Department of Transportation

RC & D

Resource Conservation and Development Council

SUNY-ESF

State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse

Terminology

A number of wood industry terms are used throughout the strategic plan and glossary is provided near the end of this report. Following are a few key definitions, adapted from Birss, Helen; (1993:8):

Primary Processor - converts logs or "round wood" to partially processed raw material such as lumber or plywood. A value-added primary processor further manufactures a primary product into component products for specific markets. Many primary processors are engaged in value added primary processing, such as planing lumber for siding and flooring. While adding value, these primary activities are usually not considered as secondary manufacturing.

Value Added - adding value to products at different processing stages, basically through the application of more labor and capital.

Secondary Processor - further manufactures a primary or value-added product into a finished or end-use product.

The secondary wood products.i.secondary wood products; industry is very diverse and difficult to categorize. At one end of the spectrum are standardized commodity items such as furniture cabinets, windows, doors, wall and floor systems, pallets, boxes, etc. At the other end are specialty, one-of-kind products produced by crafts people for relatively small, niche markets. The full spectrum of secondary wood products are represented in the eight county region, ranging from Harden Furniture Company and Ethan Allen Company that employs hundreds of people, to numerous entrepreneurs and partnerships producing custom wood work and crafts.

Working with Wood
Eight County Wood Products Development Strategy for the Adirondack North Country Region

A strategic plan for strengthening wood-based manufacturing activity in Fulton, Hamilton, Herkimer, Oneida, Oswego, Saratoga, Warren and Washington Counties

1. Executive Summary

The Adirondack North Country Association (ANCA) has completed Working with Wood, an action plan for strengthening the wood products industry in the eight southern counties of the Adirondack North Country region. The study area included Fulton, Hamilton, Herkimer, Oneida, Oswego, Saratoga, Warren and Washington counties, however the findings apply to the wood products industry throughout the region. The six month planning effort was sponsored by ANCA in cooperation with the Empire State Development Corporation and the Utilization & Marketing Section of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Holmes & Associates of Saranac Lake conducted the research, with the assistance of Gearwar, Christian; Gearwar, Christian;Lake George Forestry, the Canadian-US Consulting Service at Clarkson University, and Sarah Bogdanovitch of Paul Smiths College. The consultants carried out over 125 interviews with wood-based business owners to ensure the recommendations reflect the interests, needs and capacities of established businesses within the region.

Working with Wood outlines steps that will facilitate a closer integration between the region's forests, sawmills, manufacturers and markets through increased coordination and cooperation at the regional and state level. A high priority recommendation is to intensify information dissemination, training programs, and capital assistance support that cater to the needs of region's wood-using businesses and helps them exploit new markets and product possibilities. To that end, the plan recommends that the region focus on becoming a supplier of finished, or partially finished, wood products rather than a producer of raw materials.

Background

The wood products industry is a major source of jobs in the Adirondack North Country region, employing close to 14,000 people. In Lewis, Washington and Essex counties, the wood products industry comprises over 10% of private sector employment. In Oswego, Clinton and Jefferson counties, it accounts for over 5% of the private sector employment. However, job growth in the wood products sector has been stagnant over the last 10 years. That the industry has not seen a decline in that time is promising, but demonstrates that more could be done to encourage expansion of current businesses and the attraction of new firms.

Favorable economic conditions suggest a positive future for the region's wood-based businesses, if they are positioned to capitalize on the opportunities. For one, it is predicted that, with global population growth and an increase in real-incomes worldwide, the consumption of hardwoods and softwoods will increase by 56% and 27% respectively over the next 50 years. Hardwood exports in the Northern Forest area of Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire and New York have increased dramatically in recent years from 76 to 337 million cubic feet. That wood is going to Canada, Europe and Asia to be processed into finished products, some of which are imported back into the United States. Canada, the world's leading exporter of forest products, is becoming more reliant on the timber resources of the Northern Forest, including those of upstate New York.

Working with Wood discovered many positive indicators that growth is possible. A majority of the businesses surveyed expressed an interest in expanding current manufacturing capabilities as well as introducing new product lines. There appear to be opportunities for developing new manufacturing facilities for the following wood products: hardwood flooring, hardwood dimension, pre-fabricated structural grade building materials, turning stock, turning and bending manufacturing facilities and veneer. An economic development effort concentrated on wood products makes sense for the region and is feasible for a number of reasons:

  • Many wood-using industries have modest capital requirements.
  • There currently exists a good base of companies and talent for wood processing in the region.
  • The diversity of the sector and its small-scale are compatible with the rural labor market of the Adirondack North Country region.
  • Wood products businesses provide year-around, private sector employment in a region where one out of every three jobs is publicly funded.
  • The raw materials used by the industry are local, renewable resources.
  • There are many small niches in the wood products industry that have high growth potential.
  • There are also a number of reasons why now is the time to take coordinated action. The inability to create more opportunities in secondary manufacturing in the region, and thereby stemming the flow of high quality logs, is of particular concern since employment in the primary manufacturing sector is in decline. Mills in the northeast as a whole are not as efficient as Canadian mills and have lost business to Canada as a result. Continuing technological improvements at existing mills in the region, as well as the competition, has led to work force reduction in the primary sector. It is feared that the quality of life in the Adirondack North Country region, as it pertains to working with wood, will be drastically reduced if this trend continues. Retention of existing wood-using businesses must be as high or a higher priority than attraction of new firms. Otherwise, the business climate will continue to sour as established businesses become discouraged by incentives offered to new businesses. Without a coordinated, sustained effort to develop a regional wood products support network, the region's wood products entrepreneurs will have more difficulty competing in the growing world economy.

    The region will continue to lag behind other wood producing areas unless the agencies and organizations acting in support of the wood products industry work together more aggressively to coordinate their programs and activities. Without coordination and cooperation, the region's wood products support services will duplicate efforts in some areas while leaving others unaddressed. In addition, without cooperation the organizations will be competing for scarce funds and diminishing the region's opportunities for attracting both public and private sector funding to wood products development.

    Regional Recommendations

    A three-step regional wood products development effort is recommended, comprised of coordination of all regional wood products assistance programs, expanded information & training programs, and professional marketing assistance focused on increasing the region's competitive edge in national and international markets.

    Coordination and cooperation among the many state and federal agencies and non-profit organizations which support the wood-products industry is critical. At this time, there are a number of wood products support services in the region, however they are under-funded and could better coordinate their programs and activities to avoid duplication and ensure coverage in critical areas. The strategic plan describes the activities of sixteen key organizations that will be instrumental in implementing the recommendations in Working with Wood. Another fifty participating organizations are identified. By maintaining the autonomy and continuity of programs that have proven successful, while coordinating new program offerings, the region's organizations can build a wood products development coalition that will be effective, efficient and flexible in responding to new trends in the industry. During this period of increasing fiscal restraint at the State and Federal levels, it is especially important that non-governmental organizations such as ANCA and others take a lead role in regional wood-products development. In addition, the direct involvement of private industry in implementation of the plan is crucial. A number of international wood product corporations (i.e., International Paper, Georgia Pacific, Finch Pruyn, Harden Furniture, Ethan Allen, and others) have a long history in the region and make a significant contribution to the local economy. They stand to directly benefit from a growing and vibrant regional wood products industry.

    Listed below are some activities that could be undertaken to facilitate more cooperation and communication amongst groups:

  • Annual Meeting Focused on Wood Products Development to maintain a regional focus on goals and issues.
  • Computer-based Communication Link to increase the ease and timeliness of communication amongst organizations and between organizations and wood-using businesses.
  • On-line Wood Products Directory to provide access to regional information for businesses and customers, and to ease the process of updating its contents in a timely manner.
  • From the perspective of business owners, ANCA and other organizations can best assist the wood products industry by initiating or improving information & training programs, especially in the areas of marketing, pricing, sources of raw materials, and general business management. Working with Wood recognized the many and diverse organizations currently involved in wood products development in the region. The recommendation for coordination of activities among those organizations recognizes that each organization should continue to focus on their programming strengths. Overall, the collective effort must focus on increasing the share of private investment in the programs. The result will be increased employment opportunities as well as job retention in a major industry of the Adirondack North Country region.

    Up-to-date information can best be delivered to the business owners and managers in the following formats:

  • Newsletters where current trends and research are summarized, as well as containing notices of meetings, information and other resources;
  • Regional and State Wood Products Directories that are updated annually;
  • Workshops and Training Sessions on general business management and production;
  • Public Education and Outreach on the importance of the wood products industry to the local economy; and,
  • Annual, Regional Wood Products Trade Show and Business Meeting that will showcase the region's manufacturing capabilities and talents, as well as providing an opportunity for businesses and organizations to review achievements, goals and new development strategies.
  • The third key component of an expanded wood products development strategy is professional marketing and enterprise development. Business owners stated the desire for assistance in many areas of marketing. The majority of small businesses do not have the expertise or resources to develop marketing materials, seek out new markets or follow consumer trends. Below are three recommendations that would help businesses meet their marketing needs.

  • A Wood Products Marketing Specialist should be hired to assist the wood products industry in the eight county study area. The specialist would act as a resource person and a communication link between the businesses and the organizations supporting them. This recommendation is based on the success of the Wood Products Specialist currently serving the northern six counties of the North Country. The position was created in 1992 following an ANCA.i.ANCA;-sponsored study, which revealed that the business needs of smaller wood products businesses would be best met through one-on-one assistance, often at the place of business.
  • Training Programs focused on marketing would give owners the tools they need to help them improve their businesses. The main areas of interest included the use of computers and the Internet, brochure development, advertising, pricing and international marketing and sales. While marketing workshops are already offered in the region, the goal is to build on those efforts and broaden participation within the industry.
  • Increase Regional Marketing efforts through Adirondack Forest Products labeling, increased presence at trade shows, the development of a regional catalog, and on-line business directories.
  • State-Wide Issues

    Finally, there are several important initiatives that, if changed, will play a great role in enhancing the wood products industry. These are issues that need to be addressed through a concerted effort of the entire industry if they are to be change.

  • Reduce workmen's compensation rates and electrical costs.In a 1993 study, New York ranked 38th among 44 states in terms of the highest premium costs for manufacturing workmen's compensation. In 1995, New York's average electric costs were 55% above the national average. These conditions not only discourage expansion and job growth, but also threaten the existence of smaller operations. The costs of doing business in New York also effect the location decisions of larger wood-using companies that often do not need to be within close proximity of their resource base.
  • Revitalize the DEC Forest Products Utilization & Marketing Program to ensure that each DEC region has at least two U & M foresters to assist businesses wishing to expand in the area.
  • Educate the public on the sustainable use of forest resources and on the economic importance of the wood products industry to the Adirondack North Country region.
  • Promote Research at New York State Universities that is evenly balanced among forest health, primary mill efficiency and secondary wood products manufacturing. An increase in secondary manufacturing activity would have a significant positive impact on the region's economy yet research in this area has been historically under-served.
  • Funding and Implementation

    The following figures provide an approximate first year cost for a three-year program for the wood products development strategy for the Adirondack North Country region. The focus of the funding is primarily on the eight county study area, however some activities will pertain to the region as a whole.

    One Year Funding Outline for a Three Year, Coordinated Effort to Strengthen the Wood Products Industry in the Adirondack North Country Region

    Marketing outreach specialist: wood products

    $50,000

    Current wood products industry program (now at ANCA)

    65,000

    Workshops (5 workshop topics, each delivered at 3 locations in the region @ $3,000 each)

    45,000

    Newsletter production and distribution

    20,000

    Regional wood products directory development

    20,000

    Educating the Public (press releases, promotion materials)

    15,000

    Annual meeting & trade show

    7,500

    Internet web site development

    5,000

    Coordination of the network process.

    20,000

    Total estimated cost for Year 1:

    $247,500

    In order to qualify for state and federal funding, cost sharing will be necessary. Private industry, foundations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) will have to be approached for funding. Many of the region's major wood-using companies have already been active participants in improving the region's business climate and in enhancing regional, national and international recognition of the Adirondack North Country region's forest products industry. The participation of the private sector improves funding opportunities and enhances credibility for the regional wood products development effort.

    The success of this regional wood products development strategy hinges on two critical aspects; program coordination and funding. The coordination is key to ensure that assisting organizations are being as efficient and cost effective as possible, as well as ensuring that their efforts are meeting the needs, goals and interests of the region's local businesses and communities. Funding is necessary to maintain and expand existing programs in the region, and to undertake new wood products development initiatives in response to regional, national and international trends and markets. Businesses, organizations and communities that value the wood products industry's contribution to local economies can benefit by working collectively to implement the recommended actions for improving and promoting the industry. The first, next step is to convene a meeting of all interested organizations to develop a cooperative, coordinated plan of action.

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